GLP-1 medications are marketed to help you lose weight, but one may be better at it than the rest, according to a new meta-analysis.
Tirzepatide, better known as Zepbound for weight loss and Mounjaro for treatment of type 2 diabetes, helped patients lose more than 20% of their starting body weight across the reviewed studies.
Semaglutide (marketed under the brand name Wegovy) and liraglutide (Saxenda) did lead to weight loss, but it was significantly less at 15% and 8%, respectively.
The review is the first to compare efficacy of the three FDA-approved GLP-1 medications in nondiabetic patients using the drugs for weight loss.
“We were interested in finding which drug gives the most weight loss and doesn’t have higher rates of side effects like nausea and gastrointestinal problems. Tirzepatide seems to be the better option,” says Pooja Gokhale, corresponding author of the review and a doctoral student in the Unversity of Georgia College of Pharmacy.
Chances are someone you know is taking a GLP-1 medication.
Short for glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1s are highly effective FDA-approved medications that treat type 2 diabetes. Increasingly, they’re being used by more people to lose weight.
About one in every eight Americans is currently taking a GLP-1, according to a recent poll from KFF, formerly known as the Kaiser Family Foundation. And one in five have taken the medication in the past.
“Some people call these ‘miracle drugs’ because the weight loss effect is real,” says Lorenzo Villa-Zapata, coauthor of the paper and an assistant professor in the UGA College of Pharmacy.
“But what some people don’t understand is that when they stop taking the medication, they may gain all that weight back.” (The current study did not evaluate weight gain after the discontinuation of GLP-1 medications.)
GLP-1 medications act as a pharmaceutical version of a natural hormone in the gut, lowering blood sugar, keeping you feeling fuller longer, and slowing down digestion.
But where brand names like Wegovy and Saxenda are solely focused on mimicking GLP-1 receptors, tirzepatide targets both GLP-1 receptors and another gut hormone known as GIP.
That may make all the difference for people looking to maximize weight loss, the researchers say.
The researchers analyzed the results of 15 randomized controlled Phase 3 clinical trials, comprising more than 14,000 patients.
Participants saw the largest weight reduction when prescribed the maximum dose of tirzepatide (between 10 and 15 milligrams).
Liraglutide proved the least effective of the three drugs. It also requires daily injections compared to the weekly dosing schedule of tirzepatide and semaglutide medications.
At the time of the review, the FDA had not yet approved the Wegovy pill, an oral version of the GLP-1 medication that is now available in 25 mg pills.
However, the researchers did a sensitivity analysis of a 50 mg version and found that it was not as effective as tirzepatide in nondiabetic patients looking to lose weight. It was “almost as good as the injectable semaglutide,” though, Gokhale says.
The research appears in Obesity.
Source: University of Georgia
