YALE (US)—Through textures, shapes, weights, and temperatures, the sense of touch influences both thoughts and behavior, new research finds.

In a series of six experiments documented in the June 25 issue of the journal Science, psychologists demonstrate how dramatically the sense of touch affects how the world is viewed.

Interviewers holding a heavy clipboard, compared to a light one, thought job applicants took their work more seriously.

Subjects who read a passage about an interaction between two people were more likely to characterize it as adversarial if they had first handled rough jigsaw puzzle pieces, compared to smooth ones.

And people sitting in hard, cushionless chairs were less willing to compromise in price negotiations than people who sat in soft, comfortable chairs.

“It is behavioral priming through the seat of the pants,” says John A. Bargh of Yale University, co-author of the paper, along with former Yale researchers Joshua M. Ackerman, now of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Christopher C. Nocera of Harvard.

The work builds upon Bargh’s 2008 study, which found that people judge other people to be more generous and caring after they had briefly held a warm cup of coffee, rather than a cold drink.

“The old concepts of mind-body dualism are turning out not to be true at all,” Bargh says. “Our minds are deeply and organically linked to our bodies.”

Physical concepts such as roughness, hardness, and warmth are among the first that infants develop. They are critical to how young children and adults eventually develop abstract concepts about people and relationships, such as discerning the meaning of a warm smile or a hard heart, he explains.

Touch is an important sense for exploration of the world, he adds, and so these sensations help create the mental scaffold upon which we build our understandings of the world as we grow older.

This reality, he notes, is reflected in many everyday expressions such as “weighing in with an opinion,” “having a rough day” or “taking a hard line.”

“These physical experiences not only shape the foundation of our thoughts and perceptions, but influence our behavior towards others, sometimes just because we are sitting in a hard instead of a soft chair,” Bargh says.

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