You might be less productive at work during the day if you use your smartphone to get work done at night.
A pair of studies surveying a broad spectrum of US workers shows that people who monitor their smartphones for business purposes after 9 p.m. are more tired and less engaged the following day on the job. Findings are published online in the journal Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
“Smartphones are almost perfectly designed to disrupt sleep,” says Russell Johnson, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University. “Because they keep us mentally engaged late into the evening, they make it hard to detach from work so we can relax and fall asleep.”
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More than half of US adults own a smartphone. Many consider the devices to be among the most important tools ever invented when it comes to increasing productivity of knowledge-based work, Johnson says.
Yet at the same time, the National Sleep Foundation says only 40 percent of Americans get enough sleep on most nights and a commonly cited reason is smartphone usage for work.
For the first study, the researchers had 82 upper-level managers complete multiple surveys every day for two weeks. The second study surveyed 161 employees daily in a variety of occupations, including nursing, manufacturing, accounting, and dentistry.
Across both studies, the surveys showed that nighttime smartphone usage for business purposes cut into sleep and sapped workers’ energy the next day in the office. The second study also compared smartphone usage to other electronic devices and found that smartphones had a larger negative effect than watching television and using laptop and tablet computers.
Why blue light is bad
In addition to keeping people mentally engaged at night, smartphones emit “blue light” that seems to be the most disruptive of all colors of light. Blue light is known to hinder melatonin, a chemical in the body that promotes sleep.
“So it can be a double-edged sword,” Johnson says. “The nighttime use of smartphones appears to have both psychological and physiological effects on people’s ability to sleep and on sleep’s essential recovery functions.”
Simply turning off smartphone at night isn’t always practical in today’s business world, Johnson says.
“There may be times in which putting off work until the next day would have disastrous consequences and using your smartphone is well worth the negative effects on less important tasks the next day,” he says. “But on many other nights, more sleep may be your best bet.”
Researchers from the University of Florida and the University of Washington contributed to the study.
Source: Michigan State
