Society & Culture - Posted by Jim Sweeney-UC Davis on Tuesday, November 30, 2010 16:31 - 7 Comments    
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Why Americans see Obama as black

Americans see Barack Obama as black, despite the fact he has a white mother, because of a basic pattern in which people learn about new things by noting attributes that distinguish them from the types of things they already know. (Credit: Wikimedia Commons)

UC DAVIS (US) — Why is President Barack Obama—the son of a white mother from Kansas and a black father from Kenya—seen as a black man?





People learn about new things by noting attributes that distinguish them from the same types of things that they already know.

A new study demonstrates that the same basic learning pattern also applies when people place others into ethnic categories based on facial characteristics.

“Features that are more typical of minority group members draw more attention,” says Jeffrey Sherman, professor of psychology at University of California at Davis.

“So, when someone has a mixture of features, the minority features are the ones that we tend to grab onto. We pay more attention to them and they are used more heavily in our judgments. They influence us to a greater degree.”

The study—published in the online edition of Psychological Science—looked at two groups: Chinese people who had grown up in China or elsewhere as part of a majority Asian population and Caucasian New Zealanders.

When shown a series of computer-morphed faces with both Asian and Caucasian features, the Chinese group tended to identify ambiguous faces as Caucasians, and the Caucasian group tended to identify ambiguous faces as Asian.

To control for sociopolitical and other variables, the researchers ran a second test in which the two groups were shown just two different faces. But they were shown one much more often than the other. For example, the groups were shown two different Caucasian faces, although they saw one of the two faces three times more than the other.

“We made the one face the majority face and the other the minority face,” Sherman explains.

When the two faces were morphed together, participants were more likely to categorize the result as the minority face. This again shows that features of the minority face are given more weight in an ambiguous situation, Sherman says.

Thus, while motivational, political, sociological and economic factors may play a role in the assignment of mixed-race individuals to minority groups, they are not necessary for that to occur.

The study, Sherman says, showed that the phenomenon “could be based on a very basic and general cognitive process of how we learn to distinguish things from each other—one kind of dog from another dog, one kind of disease from another disease, one kind of car from another car.”

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7 Comments

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Walt
Dec 1, 2010 15:06

This reminds me of Richard Pryor’s comments when he came back from his first trip to Africa.
He talked about an African saying to him: “You look kind of Italian.” Pryor was shocked, and after all the ‘Not one of us’ stuff he’d no doubt been subjected to in his native land, he said he realized just how American he was.

Also recalls of an American Indian friend’s somewhat sheepish comment once about Arican-Americans, with whom she felt a lot of political commonality, ‘Some American Indians refer to African-Americans as the ‘black white men.’ [Other 'other?']

American ‘mongrels’ (all of us in, Obama’s self-deprecating humor) have the richness of really complicated otherness.

George
Dec 1, 2010 18:02

Might not this be different if everyone, especially the media, always pointed out that he was white and not black? Most children that I know never saw a difference until their elders pointed it out to them.

Roy Niles
Dec 2, 2010 2:26

Our racist society has not let Obama identify himself as white from the time he was in school in Hawaii. He also made the decision to marry into a black American family and go to a predominately black church. The title to this article is off base, since if he sees himself as black, then so will America regardless of their biases or lack thereof.
Also mixed races that don’t include black skinned groups (Africans, Melanesians, Aboriginals, etc.) are often seen as primarily white – especially the many among us who are part American Indian, and part Mediterranean, etc.

Further, many such as part Hawaiians may look white but will be quick to remind you they’re Hawaiian. And so it goes. A rather uninspired article here all in all.

KarenSC
Dec 2, 2010 12:28

It ‘s hard to disentangle what your race is biologically from what you identify yourself as. A friend who has a white grandmother, but all other grandparents are African American, identifies as black, but considers his children (with white mother) to be mixed race. His daughter could ‘pass’ as white and I’d guess his son could too – but if you were to see the son with his father, you’d see the ‘blackness’ more readily. Very interested to see how they end up defining themselves as they grow up. And how they view others identifying them…

I think, eventually, it’ll come down more to culture and how you were raised over what your genetics really are. The adopted Asian child brought up in a white Christian home, will likely identify with that culture over Asian culture, but may learn more/adopt traditions from Asian cultures if introduced as a child or when they grow up. But others will see this person and say, ‘Asian’…so interesting conundrum…

Sashya
Dec 8, 2010 14:29

In this country, I would think that identifying Obama as black has more to do with hypodescent and the one-drop rule than just scientific categorization of how we identify otherness. We have a long legacy of not allowing folks with “minority” blood to align themselves with the “majority” (and by default garner more power). The article is interesting on a global level, but there has never been a time in the history of the US that someone with a black parent has been allowed to identify as white, unless they were passing. How else would we keep slavery intact? Fortunately this is slowly starting to change.

Mike
Dec 12, 2010 19:15

As a fellow mutt, I’d remind the author that the one drop rule never went anywhere. You don’t need to look for a scientific answer to a social question.

KinPolk
Dec 22, 2010 13:38

This reminds me of what the white parents of an adopted mixed-race child told me in the 1970s of their friends’ perceptions of their daughter’s race/ethnicity. The adoption agency said she was likely half African-American and half Hispanic. Their African-American friends insisted she didn’t look African-American and must be fully Hispanic. Their Hispanic friends said she didn’t look Hispanic and must be completely African-American. Everyone agreed she was adorable.

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