Society & Culture - Posted by Hilary Hurd Anyaso-Northwestern on Tuesday, April 27, 2010 12:35 - 11 Comments    
1 Star2 Stars3 Stars4 Stars5 Stars (No Ratings Yet)
Loading ... Loading ...

Strong racial identity intensifies empathy

brainB&W_1

Researchers used brain imaging to study empathetic reactions and found that our ability to identify with another person dramatically changes how much we’re willing to help them. “We think this is really interesting because it suggests mechanisms by which we can enhance our empathy and altruistic motivation simply by finding ways in which we have commonality across individuals and across groups,” says Joan Chiao. (Credit: iStockphoto)

NORTHWESTERN (US)—Race matters on a neurological level when it comes to empathy for others in distress, according to a new study.





Researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study empathetic reactions. The findings show that African-Americans showed greater empathy for African-Americans facing adversity—in this case for victims of Hurricane Katrina—than Caucasians demonstrated for Caucasian-Americans in pain.

The take home point, says the study’s author Joan Chiao, is that our ability to identify with another person dramatically changes how much we can feel the pain of another and how much we’re willing to help them. Details are reported in the journal NeuroImage.

Initially, Chiao thought that both African-Americans and Caucasian-Americans would either show no pattern of in-group bias or both show some sort of preference.

“We found that everybody reported empathy and showed increased neural response within brain regions associated with empathy toward the Hurricane Katrina victims,” says Chiao, assistant professor of psychology at Northwestern University.

“But African-Americans additionally showed greater empathic response to other African-Americans in emotional pain. And this enhanced or extraordinary empathy and altruistic motivation for ingroup members was associated with increased neural activity within a brain region called the medial prefrontal cortex.”

The more African-Americans identified as African-American the more likely they were to show greater empathic preference for African-Americans, the study showed.

Chiao says that feeling of shared experience can lead to what she describes as extraordinary empathy and altruistic motivation. “It’s empathy and altruistic motivation above and beyond what you would do for another human.”

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the study included an equal number of African-American and Caucasian-American study participants. They were shown pictures depicting either African-American or Caucasian-American individuals in a painful (i.e. in the midst of a natural disaster) or neutral (attending an outdoor picnic).

“We think this is really interesting because it suggests mechanisms by which we can enhance our empathy and altruistic motivation simply by finding ways in which we have commonality across individuals and across groups,” says Chiao.

More news from Northwestern University: www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/

Please wait

11 Comments

You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.

William Raillant-Clark
Apr 27, 2010 16:14

Were the subjects of this study all American, and if so, do the results take into account cultural perceptions surrounding “race” ?

gonna get into trouble
Apr 28, 2010 1:20

An experience I had in a public bathroom in San Francisco left me with the impression that African Americans might be more empathetic in general, to everyone, including to me, a white woman, than white people are to each other. I was in this bathroom because I had had a severe bout of diarrhea that left me cleaning my underwear and trousers in the sink, and drying them on the hand dryer. Several white women who used the bathroom gave me evil looks, including one who looked me up and down before leaving. ( Luckily I had a long top on.). An African American woman in her 30′s propped a door half closed so I could have more privacy and actually smiled and said I would be OK. I wondered whether experiences with persecution and bad times helped her develop empathy – experiences which the other women didn’t have.

Tori
Apr 28, 2010 7:14

Is this really surprising? I don’t find it unusual that white people care less about other white people. They (in my experiences) tend to look at class and social status before ethnicity. A white Irish-American wouldn’t immediately know that a fellowman was also Irish, but they would immediately ascertain their clothing, mannerisms, car make/model, etc. These all have an effect on how we treat people and from what I’ve seen, a lot of white Americans only care about others in their own social caste, or higher. It doesn’t help that having brown skin is considered lower class here. Oh well, at least this study shows a positive thing — minorities help minorities. Somebody has to! lol

2martins
Apr 28, 2010 8:50

I would hope that this is not representative, and since it was only one experience we can’t assume it is. I would think this would vary more by area of the country than race. Certain cities (my hometown of Nashville, for example) are known for being friendly and helpful. They test this periodically in a scientifically designed study and have researchers ask for directions, etc, and compare how many people are willing to help, if memory serves. It’s still a convenience sample, but by doing it repeatedly over time I think it’s a reasonable way to get an idea of the differences between cities.

I have travelled to Germany several times (and stayed for a month each time) and I have a feeling they would have been even less friendly on average. This is a country where I once saw a dead man on the floor of a busy train station with his face covered with paper towels and three orange cones around him. Apparently, if the EMTs can’t do anything, they just leave and the coroner or German equivalent thereof has to come take care of it. Everyone just walked by like it was nothing!!! Not one person seemed even remotely bothered by this, but 20 years later I still remember being horrified and I can picture the scene easily.

MM
Apr 28, 2010 14:39

This is so flawed and misleading.

William Raillant-Clark
Apr 29, 2010 9:59

@MM – are you referring to the Futurity article or the research itself? I’m actually quite curious to know what scientific definition of “race” was used. The link to the article is broken – could it be fixed?

Futurity-Jenny Leonard
Apr 29, 2010 10:23

William, I’ve updated the broken link to the journal article: http://bit.ly/dhJ518

Bill Gates
May 17, 2010 20:33

1. Experiment 2. Publication for the world see, study, examine and review.. That’s why knowledge advances.

Empathy for the same race is equal to in Nature.

a. “birds of the same feathers” see all birds similar flying together. birds fly together.

b. “school of fish” in the ocean. See how the doplphins, tunas, sardines swim together. fish swim together.

c. “animals of the safari” zebras, elephants, wilderbeasts, rabbits run in groups.
There is safety in Numbers. Proection from the lions, and meat-eaters. animals eat grass together.

Nature at work. Of course, people of the same races have empathy for each other.
Nature at work. Work of Nature. Nature is Not a Public opinion.

William Raillant-Clark
May 17, 2010 21:29

Bill, I don’t meant to bitchy, but your comment is nonsense. The notion of “race” as it applies to other species does not exist in THE human race. (Scientific American wrote an article about this topic which you can read here: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=does-race-exist ) Even the article itself refers to “social groups” and uses the classifications “African-American” and “Caucasian-American”, which I believe in most countries would called ethnicities, rather than races.

Even the term “ethnicity” is culturally heavily loaded. The key sentence in the abstract for me is “when observing the suffering of members of their own social group.” It could be, for example, that Caucasian-Americans don’t see themselves as a social group. It would be interesting to repeat the exercise using other parameters.

Bill Gates
May 17, 2010 21:40

Human have been separated by space-time. continents, land/sea/mountains for thousands, if Not millions of years.

It’s ridiculous, people do Not have have empathy for their race. Race is your extended family.

Note the first 5 USA presidents all owned slaves. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson each owned 200-300 slaves on their plantation..

Slavery exited in USA until 1865 and “seperate but equal” “Jim Crow” was law of the land until the 1960s in USA.

USA has a dark past. USA past is know to the world.
What a “suprise” after Slavery and “Jim Crow”, people do Not have a empathy for their race.

pat a thomas
May 18, 2010 2:38

Bill Gates, your kaleidoscope “logic” bursts forth from no particular discernable source and disapates into an opinionated ooze – based solely on cracked fragments of faulty folk “wisdom.”

Leave a Comment

Comment

Research news from leading universities

Daily E-News


Browse By School

Follow Futurity

RSS feedsFacebookTwitter

Week's Most Discussed

  • Loading...

Media Partners

Alltop logo Pulse logo Flipboard logo Visual News logo The Conversation logo