Society & Culture - Posted by Carole Gan-UC Davis on Wednesday, October 14, 2009 15:51 - 20 Comments 
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(1 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5) Loading ...Spotting gun dealers gone bad
“These retailers may function as ‘bad guy magnets,’ attracting gun buyers who are at high risk of acquiring guns for criminal purposes,” says lead investigator Garen Wintemute.
UC DAVIS (US)—Licensed handgun retailers who sell crime guns more frequently than expected have distinguishing characteristics that can be identified using existing records collected at the federal level.
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That finding comes from a University of California, Davis, study—published in the October issue of the journal Injury Prevention—that suggests screening and focused law enforcement could help disrupt illegal gun commerce without unduly affecting the legitimate gun market.
“Nationwide, 1.2 percent of licensed gun retailers sell 57 percent of guns that are later used in crime,” says Garen Wintemute, professor of emergency medicine at UC Davis School of Medicine and lead investigator of the study. “Our study found that licensed handgun retailers who sell crime guns more frequently than expected have a number of factors in common. When compared to other licensed retailers, they are more likely to sell inexpensive handguns, to be pawnbrokers, to be located in central urban areas, and to be patronized by would-be gun buyers whose purchases are denied when they are found to be prohibited from owning guns.”
Of particular importance was a retailer’s percentage of handgun-purchase denials. For every percentage point increase in handgun-purchase denial rate, Wintemute found the odds that a retailer would be linked to disproportionate sales of crime guns more than doubled.
“These retailers may function as ‘bad guy magnets,’ attracting gun buyers who are at high risk of acquiring guns for criminal purposes,” he says. “Though their sales to prohibited persons are denied by the Department of Justice, such retailers may be selling guns to persons whose criminal records do not disqualify them from purchasing guns, or to surrogate ‘straw’ purchasers who are buying guns for others who cannot pass a background check. Frequent sales to such high-risk purchasers could link a retailer to many crime guns.”
Wintemute found that the correlation between handgun denial rate and the sale of guns eventually used in crime remained relevant even when all other important factors, such as general socioeconomic environment and local law enforcement policies on tracing the ownership of recovered crime guns, were taken into account.
For the study, the research team collected information on the 60 retailers in California whose sales of crime guns during 1998-2003 were significantly greater than predicted by the total number of handguns they sold, and on a comparison group of 240 others. All retailers sold at least 50 handguns per year.
Wintemute visited each accessible retailer for about 15 minutes to collect additional information on the retailer’s facility and business practices and the local surroundings. (The purpose of the visits was not disclosed, so that the data collected would not be affected by the visits themselves, and a minor purchase was made in most cases.)
Unexpectedly, adding the information gathered on site to the data assembled from existing sales and gun-tracing records did little to help distinguish between the two groups of retailers. Nor did extensive information on the communities in which the retailers were located. This suggests, Wintemute believes, that denied sales may be an inexpensive and effective screening tool to identify retailers that are important sources of crime guns.
“It should already be possible for federal authorities to produce tabulations for individual retailers of denials and of requests for background checks, a proxy for gun sales,” he says.
Primary funding for the study was provided by the National Institute of Justice. Additional funding was provided by The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Joyce Foundation, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, and the Eli and Edythe L. Broad Foundation.
UC Davis news: www.news.ucdavis.edu/
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20 Comments
1.The Total of 01 Gun Dealers Retailers Busineses left in the 50 States is about near count is (30,720) 01 Licences & State Licences for Retailer Dealer Market Store Frontsan Commercial Lots Are separated from the other location too! Agreed by Rules of Zoning Regulations do Applyed also to; Building Codes, & Lot Properity Codes are rules of regulations by ,Town,Township, Cities, Counties, State Regulated laws of industrial laws and Properity Laws on the Books today too. Also on Federal Lewvel too! Thankyou
1. The U.S.A. Level of the Maxium Limit of 01 F.F.L.s. is (10,000) Retailers is Maxium Cap No# Enforced Federal limit for the U.S only too! By the A.T.F too!!Q Agreed ! No extras added too! Fed 01 F.F.L.s & State Licences by the Sheriffis Dept. of allthe counties of 50 States do agreed to to Terms too! Agreed! State Licences is issued by the country Sheriffis Dept. to all the Counties of 50 States too! true!! 2. The State Grovrements of 50 States is Cap Limit is, 200 01 no Higher then 01 Dealers No# Limit of each of the 50 States too The all No# counted of allof State Licences is issues by bthe Sheriffis Dept.of Counties 50 States too! For 50 Statyes No# Limit is no higher then 200 01 State Licences is issued too! is max cap number limt will be inforced too! By each of 50 States will abided buy this Rule too! At State Level Groverment too! Agreed!! Thankyou,
1. The Number of F.F.L.s Dealers in the U.S.A. Groverment is Maxium Cap Number Limit is (5000)(01) Dealers is the Maxium Limit too! State Licences too! Agreed!! 2. The State Groverments: is 50 States to will be a Cap number Limit is (100)(01) Maxium Limit by all the 50 States too! will Doit too! State Liceces too!
1. The total of 01 Gun dealers Retailers Busineses left in 50 States :is about near count is (30720) 01 Licences & State Licences too! This the Latest report is 2/16/2011 A.d.too!
1. There is near the U.S.A. & Mexican Border is 4 States is California,New Mexico, Arzonia, Texas, States ! There is 8500 (01) Retailers Regulars only too! is a 2000 mile Border lenth only too! We should cut out the fat off by 0.98% too! Agreed!!! Roge (01) Dealers gone bad direction too! The Mexican Criminals bought all those Guns Clips ammo too! They Used There Green card With Number I.D.Number Card to Purchused Illegal Assult Copies Military Guns are SemiautoMatics Firearms only to true!!! They Buy it Faster Then the U.S.Citizens are Born in the U.S.A. to true!! Wake up Americas &open your eyes now before it to late to Stop this Druge Carteals buying Guns in the U.S too! Tuue!!! Complaint is cut of F.F.L.s (01) Licences & State Licences is canncal or not Renual no more too! You are History !!!! Solution is: Let Cut off about Near of Smaller GunDealers Numbers way down to agreed! to Many of them not so onest in the Gun Dealers Retailer Busineses of1. Federal Laws &.State Laws do apply also to true !!! We should Cut off About near of 8480 Dealers Licences Be Canncelled an; no renuals for (01) Licences & State Licences of 50 States too! Let”s Leave 20 (01)Dealers in the Busineses alone too! Watch them from a distance immeadly too! After The Warnings of big Fine is$ 100,000 in too! This only way for Justice to do it Job right time too! We Need Tuffer Laws Of selling Guns to NonCitizens Living in the 50 States Too! Trying to harm the U.S. Citizens Safty too! Question is Do you agreed! Sir? or Mam?? Thank,you, Yes? Or No? Thankyou,
David
1.U.S. (01) Licences Busineses Dealers maxium of a Max is No#1 for Cap Limit is (5000) (01 F.F.L.s tops too! The State Groverments:50 States included too! The max No# for only 2Cap Munber Limit is (100) (01) Licences Busineses Retailer Gun Busineses to is topps too! Reason is to,lower crime by 0.00% cut off too!
David P.Curcione
1. We must correct this porblem immeadly now before it get worse by each day goes by too! True!!! Let Cut the number of Roge Bad Blood Crooked Gun Busineses Retailers Dealers too! of Licences is(01) Regulars ones! And The Class-03 is (09) Is title-1 N.F.A. Retailers Dealers of Fullauto”s Firearms Sales Retailers only too! Gun Retailer Dealers of Criminals Intention is Dirty Money Or Blood Money Of the U.S.A. Border & Mexican Border is 2000 Miles of Four States is California,New Mexico,Arzonia, Texas & toward Florida, n& Gulf Of Mexico Ocean Near Mexico Nation is were Druges are coming from too! true!! Wake Up U.S. border Patrolled Police Agents if the 2000 Miles Boeder of Four States too! True!! Califorina, Arzonia, New Mexico, Texas Stats too is 4 States too! We must make a list- Names from A to Z too! Addreses ,Towns, townships, Cites, Counties, of States you live in too! Let there old Licences of thoses Bad Gun Dealers run out first too! Aletter is sent ot thoses Gun Dealers Retailers Buisineses too! Saying you are not a Gun Dealer no more too! You are History too! Solution is: Cut off : Applications Froms Renuals out! Start cutting out the Bad Gun Dealers Out of Cirulation now to agreed!!! The A.T.F. Should Procruited Them in Circut Courts of Federal Level only to agreed!!! Big Fines is $100,000.000 & 30 Years In Federal Prision for life too! Federal Prison for Life too! To Bail or no Parolore is allowed too! Is Canncelled out for good ! Agreed!!!! We need to punished Thoses Bad Retailer Gun Dealers Is (01)(09) Licences & State Licences too! true!!! Agreed!!!!
1. Note: There Is total Count of Regular (01) Gun Retailers Store Fronts & Commercial Lots is Separated from the: Residential Comunity Zones & Lots in Residential Cominity zones too! Is Separated Locations only by Zoning Commision too! Set the Rules too! On Buliding Codes & Lot Propereity Codes Locations only for Busineses only to agreed!! is Zoning Law do applyed too! true!!! This is Cap No# Limit for 2011 A.D. to Retailers Gun Dealers Regulares Busineses; Is (25,315) (01)- Licences & State Licences Is issued by the Sheriffis Dept. of Counties too! Of which State you live in too! Agree!!! too! on 02/28/2011 A.D. too! This will be Maxium No# Cap is Starting on(01/01/2011 To 12/31/2011 A.D. too! There will be Less Gun Thiefts of Many Gun Stores units Busineses are less numbers today to in 2011 A.D too! No Gun Dealers Retailers Busineses Wil not Exceeded of 25,315 (01) F.F.L.s Regulars only too! Agreed!!! We must Detured Street Gun Thiefts Crimes of Gun Stores Busineses too! agreed!!
1. The Bad Gun Dealers Retailers Are disguarding Federal Laws ,& State Laws too! They should not be in businneses at all too! true!!! Don”t Send out Mailing Applications Froms mailed out to them ones are roge Gun Dealers Retailers too! A letter is Mailed to them saying:you are no longer a Legal Gun Dealers Retailer Busineses Mam or Womam too! The Name is Mention on the Letter too! You are of the Gun Busineses for good too! Agreed!!! You Are History too! Gone too! Gobuy!!! Message by the Federal Agents of A.T.F. too!
1. There Should Be a Federal Law to Check out Bad Retailers Crooked Gun Dealers,(01) F.F.L.s too!!! Do sell ILLegal Guns being Smuggled to The from California,Arzonia,New Mexico,Texas, State & Gulf Of Mexico Ocean to towards Florida Cost line too! The Country of Mexico, is main Point all Illegal Druges come in too! True And Top Border of Canada Nation of too is 3000 Miles ling too! Patrs of Sections are wide open to enter the U.S. too True!!! Warning The illegal Druges in Camping Bages & Duffel Bages is were the Dope of illegal Deuges are inside too True!!!The Mexican President Elected By there Priors of Lawabiding Citizens of Central, Counties,& South American Nations as well too! True!!! P.S. Federal Law say to the Druge Smugglers of Spanished under World Moffia Ruled too! It all Nalialities as People of other Nations have there owned Moffia Criminals Groups to true!!! Aisa, Arabs Counties, Afferica Nations too! Are in the The illegal Smugging Busineses by under all Criminals Allements of Organized Crime of all Foreign People Nalialities of other Nations of Foreign Back round Check on new illegal Alliens too. Facts are true Most of them are in volved in the illegal nDruge smuggling Businesses is international contacts are big wigs people in power too!! Are Billionares of other Nations don”t The U.S.A. true !! Wake up American People are Born in U.S. Or New Immergraments of other Nations how want to be U.S. Citizens too! They suffer as Tradeders Groups Not to trust them too! True!!! to Immergrimits how dislike them too! Are Anti -American Groups to true!!! Warning Is: Wake and Smell the Coffie Before it to Late to Stop Them Comunist Dictateers No Humon Rights / No Gun Right to Keep mAnd to Bear Arms for personal Tection too! ,No Rifles, Shotyguns, Hand Guns, No Ammo too ! is llegal by the Left Wing Antigunners Groups in early times in 1980″s 1990 to when it Started too! True!!!are abolished for good too! It true; they will Change the Laws of 50 States in the U.S.A. too! It will Be One world Groverment only too!! It will be Astbalished by 3 Sections of the World to true by certain Date too! true From the Year is On the New Year of 01/.05/2700 A.D. to up to 12/31/2707 or beyond in the Future too! True!!! into Far Future too! Wake up American People are born in the U.S.A. will be by(01/02/2707A.D. too! It will be perminated type of Leftest Wing Comunist # 3 World Groverments wil be perminate foe ever too True!!! P.S. Att: N.R.A.?I.L.A. Read the Warning to be Fact iun the Future to True!!! Facts are There too! True! It will not be Fiction no More too ! True!!! The Forth Amendment Will be rewritten too! Second Amendment will be rewritten too! be change too! true!! Only Police , State Police, Highway Patroll State Police Sheriffis Dept, Or the National Guard , of 50 States too! Armed forces too! Only too!!! The Citizens of the U.S. Will not Bear arms too! It run by One world Groverments of Three Sections only too! Agreed By the U.N. World Groverments in charged only the eleated power in charged of Military & Law enorder too true!!! It will Be perminated rule of Law of Foreign Nations too! True!!!
David P.Curcione N.R.A./I.L.A. Federal & State Laws too!
1. Solution is: Let Put a Number Cap in the Number Limit up to ( 45 ) of (01) & (09) Certain group of Gun Dealers Busineses only too! of Combanation Gun Dealers Busineses too! Agreed! Lets Make it Harder to Applyed for a Option Licence Is N.F.A. Licences is (09) Class-03 is Title-1 F.F.L.s too! Don”t Give them Applications out so easly too! Agreed! P.S. There is 110 of thoses Combanations Gun Dealers F.F.L.s is to Many of them too! The Answer is thoses 110 Combanation Retailers Regulars will get a notice immeadly by the Federal Athorites of the A.T.F.E.A.,Divsion too! There Renuals for the Option Licence is Class-03 is Title-1 is N.F.A. is (09) F.F.L.s not being Renualed is no more too! Reason is To Many of thoses Gun Dealers were Getting into Trouble Alot too! True!! The 110 Regular Combination Dealers of (01) & (09) Too! Is no More in Busineses But They Still Could Have there Regular Class-01 Licences For Regular Gun Dealers Busineses too! I agreed!! Reason is Most States Don”t do the( Back Round Federal,Back Round By the F.B.I. First too! Then the State Groverments too! The State Groverments should do Back round Checke Immeadly When they sell a Firearms too! Long Guns Is Done by the Federal Level only too! Agreed! The Back round Check for Hand Guns is Done by the State Police of 25 States too! The Conceal Weapons Semiauto Pistals & Limit up to 10 Rounds Clip to Public Market only to agreed!! & State Checks is done by the State Police Or The Highway Patrolled State Police of 25 States too! True The Regular Class -01 Dealers Can”t Sell Clips Not Passed 10 Rounds to the Gun Retailer Lawabiding Citizens Market too! I agreed!! The Laws Has to Change Immeadly soon too! For Gun Dealers Of Class-01 Is (01) & Clas(03) is (09) Is For Laweforcement Sales & Military Sales only too! Agreed!!! The Class-03 is Renuals Fees $ 300,000.00 Per There Years Renuals too! Agreed! P.S. Only The Option Combanation,F.F.L.s Gun Dealers of (01) & (09) & Regular Option Class-03 Can order a Clips over 10 Rounds or more too! Only The Chief Of Police ,Towns. Townships,Cities, Can purchused it products or ammo only too! Or the U.S. Military to only too! I agreed!!! Thank you,
1. The New Rate is 3 Year Renuals ,Fee Should be $300,000 .00For Machine Gun Dealers ,Class-03 N.F.A. Title-1 is (09) F.F.L.s New Fee should put into Affect immealy By the Situtation in Arzonia State too! There is total of Combanation Gun Retailer Busineses:,Gun Dealers is about 155 ! They Applyed for (01) Standered Regular Licences too! First is (01) F.F.L.s First to Begin as a Regular,Federal Firearms Licence too! The Renual # Year Fee should be: 3 years for Regular F.F.L.s to is,$ 2500.00 For Renuals & Be Finger Printed Too! When you Applyed For a Regular (01) Licence too! You go to Your Chief of Police of Towns,Townships,Cities too! Or the Country Sheriffis Dept. too! The Raual Areas is the State Police Or The Highway Patrolled State Poilce too! to Applyed for Class-01 Is (01) Retailer Gun Dealers Regular Licences only too! true!! 2. To Applyed for a Class-03 Title-1 N.F.A. Is 09 Tax Stamp is Black at Right Hand only too! You have to Apply at the Federal Building of the Nearest A.T.F.E.A.Divsion of Federal Licences only too! Agreed!! Reason is : Controlled number of (09) Licences should Harder to get too! Full Auto Weapons Licences only! Agreed!!
1. By 01/01/2012 A.D. There will be Maxium Cap No# Limit of 25315 01 F.F.L.s Dealers Retailers :is one Year Cap Number Limit too! UNTIL 21/31/12 A.D. to for 366 Days too! None of the Them not to Exeeded it too! By the A.T.F too! Agreed!
1. By The New Year Comes on! It will by Ready soon too! By Certain Date of 01/01/2012 A.D..To 12/31/2012 A.D. too! The Maxium Cap Number Limit for U.S.A. Level#1 is Maxiun Number of Gun Dealers :Allowed in Busineses to is, Certain Number too! Is (15000) (01) F.F.L.s too! Limit too! And All State Licences by all there Counties as well too! Agreed! No extras Appl.Licences Added too! Not Passed 15,000 (01) F.F.L.s & State Licences is issued bt all the States to by all the Counties to Agreed!! No Applications Added too! 2. State Groverments : 50 States too! The Maxium Limit of (01) Licence Dealers Retailers is 300 (01) F.F.L.s & State Licences Added too! No Applications Added too!Busineses too! There is Number Cap Limit too! & State Licences is issued by all the Counties too! Agreed!! By all Fifty States of Residence to Agreed!! Reasonis to Cut down Guns Robbed by Illegal Alliens of the Mexican & U.S.Border War Of Illegal Druges & Guns Be Smuggled by Mexicans & Centreal Ammericans Immegermints are Non Citizens Residences too! True Street Gangs Groups in All the Big Cities, Townships, Towns too! Agreed!!! No More Alpplications For (01) F.F.L. & State Licences Appl. Not be Added in Year of 2012 A.D. too! Agreed!! To Cut down Street Crime in our States, Counties, Cities,Townships, Towns in 50 States too!!! Agreed!!!!!!
1. The 3 Year Renuals is for a Type-01 Fee is $2500.00 Paid in full too! An be Fingerprinted enery time you applyed New Licence Applications only too! We Must Tighten up on all (-01)Retailer Gun Dealers Smaller Outlets too! Just to Many of them yet true!! Alot Need to be cut way down immeadly too! Agreed!!! Mak it Harder to Applyed for Regular (01) Licence & Very Diffcuilt to Applyed for a Class-03 Licence Is (09)Title-1 Is N.F.A. Rules Applyed Strictly By the Rule Booklet For Class-03 Is Booklet For Class-03 is Title-01 & N.F.A. Rules Applyed too! The Renual Fee $$$$$ No Set # Year Price too! Yery High Price too! Agreed!!!! 2. The State Licences is State Level only one Licence sell all Firearms too! Is issued by all the County Sheriffis Dept. Of Licences too! Only too! Will beFingerprinted Every Time you applyed for a New State Licence too! Agreed!!! The # Yera Fee is $ 1250.00 Paid in Full too! Agreed!! By all the 50 States, Counties ,Cities, Townships, Towns too! Agreed!! We Must Tighen up on our Renual Applications For all State Licences issueds too! Agreed!!!
1. There is overal count of in the: U.S.A. is 25,315 (01) Holders in 2011 A.D. too!
1. The Cap Limit is For U.S.A. Number of (01) Licences Retailers Gun Dealers to is 25,315 F.F.L.s too! The Maxium Cap limit is for: 50 States (01 F.F.L.s Licences Retailers Busineses is 506.3 (01 F.F.L.s Retailers Busineses too! Only Class-01 Is (01) F.F.L.s Regular Licences too! They can Sell on Retailer Market is Conventional Firearms, &Semiauto”s Firearms & Ammo Only too! Agreed ! P.S. They are Not allow to sell Class-03 Is (09) Firearms Or Armed Pearsin Ammo As well too! Or Class-03 is (09) Firearms are Full auto Matic Weapons too! Only A Gun Dealer Is Class-3 is Separate F.F.L.s Licence is Type-09 Licence Unit to Only with Tax Stamp is on the Right side too! is only one With a Tax Stamp is Black too Agreed!! Title-1 N.F.A. Rules Applyed to only is No Exception to the Rules too! Note The Class-01 Is (01) Can”t Sell Fullauto” Weapons at All Which is a Criminal Affence too! Breaking the Federal Laws Of Regulations By the B. A.T.F.E.A. Divsion Of Frederal Firarms Licences of Rules Do applyed too! True!!! There is no expections to Break Federal Laws Of F.F.L.s Licences Regulations too! Each of the Licences has a Book Manuals For each of the F.F.Ls Licences too! Regulations Manuals Rules Bookes Mailed out to Each of the Gun Dealers Retailers Is Class-01 Is (01) Option Compannation Gun Retailers Busineses Double F.F.L.s Dealers Are Class-01 is (01) & Class-03 Is (09 Tille -1 N.F.A Rules do Apply also too! There Strcked Rules For F.F.L.s Holder Licences Gun Dealers Retailers Busineses too! Agreed!!! The Gun L:aws Do change each year too! true!!! They Must Keep up the Current F.F.L.s Licence Book Manuals Regulations i do agreed!!! This is very important Issued to for all Gun Retailers Dealers Is Class- is (01) & Option Gun Dealer Licence is C Class-03 is (09 is Title-01 Is N.F.A Rules do Applyeed to Very Stricked By the B.A.T.F.E.A. Divsion Licence Dept Divsion Rules By U.S.A. Grovermet Will Enforced them too! Agreed!! By The U.S A. Too! is Uncle Sam too! Thank you,
1. The Max Cap Limit for 2012 A.D. is Number is 25,315 (01) Licence Gun Dealers too! U.S.A too!
David
1. By 2015 A.D. : From 01/01/2015 A.D. to 12/31/2015 A.D. too! The U.S.A. Cap Limit Will be 5000 (01) & State Licences For retailers Sales only too!Retailers Busineses too! State Groverments : all 50 States too! The Maxium Cap Limit for all F.F.L.s Retailer Gub Dealers Busineses :Cap Limit Will be 100 (01) Licences too! State Licences For Retailer Gun Sales too! Agreed!!! No Extras Will Not be added too! Agreed!! By 01/01/2016 A.D. To Future Years to come it will be perminate foedever too! Reason is: Lower City, Townships, Towns in all the Counties & State Of Residence too! Agreed! By the A.T.F. Regulations Will Be Enforced too! Ut will Reduice Street Crimes too! By 0.95 % too!
U.S. Complaint is National & 50 States are involved too! true!!1. There is between 46,000 to 48,000 (01)& State Licences too! all Retalers Gun Dealers is overal Count too. today too! I cut of Renuals to bad 01 Retailer Dealers Regulars & State Licences Renuals Applications not to issued is no more to those bad roge troubleson Crooked to selling Straw Gun Sales too! This goesw for Bad Crooked N.F.A. Retailer Dealers of type-09 Licence to with a tax stamp at right hand conner too! i agreed by terms is cut off Renuals Applications are shut down of the bad gun Dealers List of 01,s &09s list roge Bad Gun Dealers are Breaking Federal Laws & State Laws too! Revoked there 01 Licences, &N.F.A. Licences is 09 too! & State Licences to sell all firearms in all is class -1 &3 too! solution is: No Renuals Applications not be issuede is no moore too! Let”s put our foot down say no Licences not be issued to sell Firearms & N.F.A. Firearms too! is denied for life for ever too!By U.S Justice Dept. has the over the Type-01 & N.F.A. 09 Licence & State Licences to sell Firearms at State Licence Level too! Agreed!!! Thank,you,~ Solution is: Lets Increase Renual Rates to 3 yrs Renuals Span to,$ 2500.00 Fee$$ The State Licences Fee is Rates is to 3yrs Span to $1250.00