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The finding could lead to a new strategy for targeted cancer therapies, according to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill scientists who made the discovery. However, they also caution the result raises concerns about unanticipated “off-target” effects when designing nano-delivery agents.

The researchers report their findings in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Transferrin, the fourth most abundant protein in human blood, has been used as a tumor-targeting agent for delivering cancer drugs for almost two decades.

The protein’s receptor is over-expressed on the surface of many rapidly growing cancers cells, so treatments combined with transferrin ligands are able to seek out and bind to them. Nanoparticles infused with transferrin have long been regarded as safe and nontoxic.

Now, researchers have shown that, surprisingly, attaching transferrin to a nanoparticle surface can effectively and selectively target and kill B-cell lymphoma cells, found in an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

It had been thought that nanoparticles would also need to carry toxic chemotherapy agents to have such an effect.

The scientists say the result is an interesting development in the field of nanomedicine, which researchers hope will eventually provide widely accepted alternatives—or replacements—to chemo and radiation treatment. Those therapies, while considered the most effective methods currently available for tackling cancer, also often damage healthy tissues and organs as a side effect.

Using PRINT (Particle Replication in Non-wetting Templates) technology—a technique that allows scientists to produce nanoparticles with well-defined size and shape—the researchers produced biocompatible nanoparticles bonded with human transferrin, and demonstrated that the particles can safely and accurately recognize a broad spectrum of cancers.

As well as B-cell lymphoma cells, the particles also effectively targeted non-small cell lung, ovarian, liver, and prostate cancer cells.

Generally, the nanoparticles were non-toxic to such cells and should therefore be able to be loaded with standard chemotherapy agents and used to hone in on those cancers.

However, for Ramos cells, an aggressive form of B-cell lymphoma, the transferrin-bonded PRINT nanoparticles not only recognized them but also induced cell death.

Meanwhile, free transferring—which was incubated with Ramos cells but not bound to any nanoparticles—did not kill any Ramos cells, even at high concentrations.

Researchers are carrying out further studies to determine how and why the transferrin-carrying nanoparticles proved toxic to the Ramos cells but not the other tumor types.

“Although this is potentially exciting for the development of entirely new strategies for treating certain types of lymphomas with potentially lower side effects, this study also raises concerns for unanticipated off-target effects when one is designing targeted chemotherapy agents for other types of cancers,” says lead researcher Joseph DeSimone. professor of chemistry.

Researchers at North Carolina State University were involved with the study, which was funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes for Health, the Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, the William R. Kenan Professorship, Liquidia Technologies, and the North Carolina University Cancer Research Fund.

More news from UNC: http://uncnews.unc.edu/