Health & Medicine - Posted by A'ndrea Elyse Messer-Penn State on Thursday, December 29, 2011 11:20 - 8 Comments    
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Fish oil compound stops leukemia in mice

The compound shown above closely resembles one that targets and kills the stem cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia, or CML, in mice. (Credit: Sandeep Prabhu)

PENN STATE (US) — A compound produced from fish oil that appears to target leukemia stem cells could lead to a cure for the disease, researchers say.


The compound—delta-12-protaglandin J3, or D12-PGJ3—targeted and killed the stem cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia, or CML, in mice, says Sandeep Prabhu, associate professor of immunology and molecular toxicology at Penn State.

The compound is produced from EPA—Eicosapentaenoic Acid—an omega-3 fatty acid found in fish and in fish oil.

Straight from the Source

Read the original study

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-317750

“Research in the past on fatty acids has shown the health benefits of fatty acids on cardiovascular system and brain development, particularly in infants, but we have shown that some metabolites of omega-3 have the ability to selectively kill the leukemia-causing stem cells in mice,” says Prabhu. “The important thing is that the mice were completely cured of leukemia with no relapse.”

The findings, published in the journal Blood, show the compound kills cancer-causing stem cells in the mice’s spleen and bone marrow. Specifically, it activates a gene—p53—in the leukemia stem cell that programs the cell’s own death.

“p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates the response to DNA damage and maintains genomic stability,” Prabhu says. Killing the stem cells in leukemia, a cancer of the white blood cells, is important because stem cells can divide and produce more cancer cells, as well as create more stem cells.

The current therapy for CML extends the patient’s life by keeping the number of leukemia cells low, but the drugs fail to completely cure the disease because they don’t target leukemia stem cells, says Robert Paulson, associate professor of veterinary and biomedical sciences, who co-directed the research with Prabhu.

“The patients must take the drugs continuously,” says Paulson. “If they stop, the disease relapses because the leukemia stem cells are resistant to the drugs.”

Current treatments are unable to kill the leukemia stem cells. According to the American Cancer Society, about 5,150 new cases of CML are reported annually and approximately 270 people die from the disease each year.

“These stem cells can hide from the treatment, and a small population of stem cells give rise to more leukemia cells,” says Paulson. “So, targeting the stem cells is essential if you want to cure leukemia.”

During the experiments, the researchers injected each mouse with about 600 nanograms of D12-PGJ3 each day for a week. Tests showed that the mice were completely cured of the disease. The blood count was normal, and the spleen returned to normal size. The disease did not relapse.

In previous experiments, the compound also killed the stem cells of Friend Virus-induced leukemia, an experimental model for human leukemia.

The researchers focused on D12-PGJ3 because it killed the leukemia stem cells, but had the least number of side effects. The researchers currently are working to determine whether the compound can be used to treat the terminal stage of CML, referred to as Blast Crisis. There are currently no drugs available that can treat the disease when it progresses to this stage.

The researchers, who applied for a patent, are also preparing to test the compound in human trials.

More news from Penn State: http://live.psu.edu/

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8 Comments

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Celia Kozlowski
Dec 29, 2011 19:26

I once heard a cancer researcher say, “I know a dozen ways to cure cancer in mice — none of them work in humans.” Before we get too excited about this, why don’t you look at the incidence and outcomes of leukemia in populations where people have a high natural intake of fish oil…

DOUG
Dec 30, 2011 9:40

????

All I know is that our old friends and family are dying of cancer.

Don’t think anyone told John and Tim that Helen Sue died last week.

In 1932, we had no money for anything,my father sold a cord of split firewood for 1$, but somehow they bot cod liver oil for me.

Henk
Jan 1, 2012 19:01

@Doug: I was also raised on good amounts of cod liver oil, as it was the only thing available at the time. We did not know about salmon, for example.
@Celia: Not clear to me what you are saying? Remember that many populations that have an above average intake of fish oil are in a situation where the diets are deficient in other critical compounds and often high in salts. Trials in mice are a good first step and any trial with such a significant result must be a positive result.
In general: if you have more information on a topic, share it, do not post hanging comments.

Celia Kozlowski
Jan 2, 2012 18:50

@Henk — not trying to be cryptic, or allude to information that I’m not sharing — just saying that trials in mice are preliminary and not necessarily reflective of what will happen in humans. The day after this article was posted on futurity, for example, there was a futurity article from MSU researchers asking what was “too much” fishoil and saying “Fish oil—long encouraged by doctors as a supplement to support heart and joint health—induces severe colitis and colon cancer in mice in new research.” Now I realize this was a different study with different methods and aims and mouse models, but the point remains that you just can’t predict too much in terms of what will happen in people based on a few mice. In my opinion, it does cancer patients and their loved ones a disservice to hype very preliminary research.

Biostatisticians can look at existing data on populations — thousands of people — and see if there are trends that would suggest a link between higher intake of fish oils and a lower incidence of leukemia or better outcome for people who get it. The size of the studies may allow researchers to compensate for factors that might otherwise confound the effects of fishoil. Because large databases already exist, including Finnish national databases or the US NHANES database, doing a study is a matter of a couple of years and a few tens of thousands of dollars, rather than at least twice that amount of time and millions of dollars to take a drug to and through clinical trials. I’m not saying the epidemiology replaces clinical trials, but it would be another useful bit of evidence in support of the hypothesis of this research. If I were on their research team, I’d be looking for epidemiologist-collaborators in Finland to start digging into the databases whilst the homeys are working on the next layers of translational research prior to clinical trials.

Stan
Jan 3, 2012 13:36

I totally agree with Celia. We tend to extrapolate our data beyond what the data actually suggest. The biology of cancer is a complex thing and it is better we become conservative to moderate in our data interpretation so as not to give false hope to cancer and other disease patients. I have seen too many of this example which only works in mouse models fail in spectacular manner at human trials.

Kevin
Jan 7, 2012 13:12

Great article! Fish oils do offer one of the best sources of omega 3 fatty acids. However, should you choose to avoid fish oil products due to possible mercury exposure, you could use plant-based omega 3 supplements. There are a variety of supplements to choose from that use algae-based formulas, as well as other plant-sourced omega 3 products, such as flaxseeds.

Rick Aarnoudse
Feb 21, 2012 19:52

I think that this is a great thing to stop leukemia. Thanks and have a great day.

Rick Aarnoudse
Feb 21, 2012 19:54

leukemia is a deadly disease.

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