Health & Medicine - Posted by Tom Rickey-Rochester on Tuesday, June 1, 2010 11:26 - 9 Comments
Drug triples acupuncture’s painkilling effect

"Acupuncture has been a mainstay of medical treatment in certain parts of the world for 4,000 years, but because it has not been understood completely, many people have remained skeptical," says neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard. "In this work, we provide information about one physical mechanism through which acupuncture reduces pain in the body." (Credit: iStockphoto)
U. ROCHESTER (US)—Scientists have taken another important step toward understanding just how sticking needles into the body can ease pain.
In a paper published in Nature Neuroscience, a team at the University of Rochester Medical Center identifies the molecule adenosine as a central player in parlaying some of the effects of acupuncture in the body.
Building on that knowledge, scientists were able to triple the beneficial effects of acupuncture in mice by adding a medication approved to treat leukemia in people.
The research focuses on adenosine, a natural compound known for its role in regulating sleep, for its effects on the heart, and for its anti-inflammatory properties. But adenosine also acts as a natural painkiller, becoming active in the skin after an injury to inhibit nerve signals and ease pain in a way similar to lidocaine.
In the current study, scientists found that the chemical is also very active in deeper tissues affected by acupuncture. The researchers looked at the effects of acupuncture on the peripheral nervous system—the nerves in our body that aren’t part of the brain and spinal cord. The research complements a rich, established body of work showing that in the central nervous system, acupuncture creates signals that cause the brain to churn out natural pain-killing endorphins.
The new findings add to the scientific heft underlying acupuncture, says neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard, who led the research. Her team is presenting the work this week at a scientific meeting, Purines 2010, in Barcelona.
“Acupuncture has been a mainstay of medical treatment in certain parts of the world for 4,000 years, but because it has not been understood completely, many people have remained skeptical,” says Nedergaard, codirector of the University’s Center for Translational Neuromedicine, where the research was conducted.
“In this work, we provide information about one physical mechanism through which acupuncture reduces pain in the body,” she adds.
To do the experiment, the team performed acupuncture treatments on mice that had discomfort in one paw. The mice each received a 30-minute acupuncture treatment at a well known acupuncture point near the knee, with very fine needles rotated gently every five minutes, much as is done in standard acupuncture treatments with people.
The team made a number of observations regarding adenosine:
- In mice with normal functioning levels of adenosine, acupuncture reduced discomfort by two-thirds.
- In special “adenosine receptor knock-out mice” not equipped with the adenosine receptor, acupuncture had no effect.
- When adenosine was turned on in the tissues, discomfort was reduced even without acupuncture.
During and immediately after an acupuncture treatment, the level of adenosine in the tissues near the needles was 24 times greater than before the treatment.
Once scientists recognized adenosine’s role, the team explored the effects of a cancer drug called deoxycoformycin, which makes it harder for the tissue to remove adenosine. The compound boosted the effects of acupuncture treatment dramatically, nearly tripling the accumulation of adenosine in the muscles and more than tripling the length of time the treatment was effective.
Researchers from Rochester, Boston University, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases contributed to the work, which was funded by the New York State Spinal Cord Injury Program and the National Institutes of Health.
More news from the University of Rochester: www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/
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9 Comments
Robin N
m.e.
hehe, pseudo-scientific? There’s nothing more subjective than “science”. I studied and conducted research at McGill, a highly reputable research institution and medical school. I decided to study acupuncture as well. Why? because when you realize the vast discrepancy between “science” and the practice of medicine, you can’t help but be horrified at the thought of treating patients with these drugs. Did you know that SSRIs like Prozac started being used because they ‘happened’ to make epileptic patients less depressed ? Still noone knows why in the world it helps depression. Just because you can say, well it increases serotonin, and serotonin is vaguely related to your mood, doesn’t mean you really know how it works. It’s just a correlation. Same thing with acupuncture and many other therapies. However, acupuncturist do not have big corporations like Pfizer sponsoring huge research that magically supports their business goals. But one thing I know, is acupuncture has never been shown to regularly increase suicidal and criminal behavior (like Prozac which is now required to show this on their bottles). Moreover, when a drug doesn’t work for someone, people don’t go around saying all of a sudden that “medicine” doesn’t work as a whole ! They say the drug first may be the issue, then perhaps the doctor. Why should it be different for acupuncture? We have a variety of acupuncture treatment protocols to choose from, and we have good and bad doctors applying them. Finally everyone reacts slightly differently to the same thing, even in the most controlled study – imagine when you throw it out there in real life where there is endless variables NOT being controlled.
Robin N
m.e.: The solution to the problem that medicine isn’t scientific enough isn’t to throw science out completely. The solution should be to make medicine more scientific. There are numerous problems with modern medicine, we could discuss them for days. But it’s the best thing we have, and the only way to make it better is to apply science to it.
It’s interesting that you mention not knowing how a drug like Prozac works as a negative. No one has provided any mechanism for acupuncture’s supposed effects. Happily, science can test the effects of something, even if we don’t have an explanation for how that something works. Newton (and others) measured the effects of gravity long before we had any understanding of how gravity works, and derived laws based on those measurements. Science can study Prozac and it’s effects (good and bad) even if we have no idea how it might work. Science can study acupuncture in the same way, even if we have no idea how it might work, and has…and the evidence so far shows the effects appear to be either very small or nonexistent. So much so that if it were a ‘conventional’ therapy, research into it would probably have stopped long ago and it would have been abandoned as a dead end. Since it has the mythology of being an ‘ancient cure from the orient’ around it, it persists and gets much more attention than it deserves.
That’s the beauty of science – we can use it to measure anything that might have an effect in the real world. Now if the effect is very small, or rare, or requires special conditions, we might miss it. Through human error or deception we might misinterpret or misrepresent results, or design our experiments poorly. But we don’t have to rely on individual frail humans…since experiments can be replicated, anyone with the proper resources can attempt to reproduce the results.
Science *could* be wrong about acupuncture…there could be real, significant effects brought about by things that we just don’t understand, and have missed the results of so far. Science could also be wrong about magic water, homeopathy, faith healing, blood letting, magnetic bracelets, and all those hundreds of drugs that don’t work as well as the manufacturer hoped, and don’t get approved for use. But why should we trust one of another? You wouldn’t take a pill from Pfizer just because they say it ‘works great for what ails ya!’, would you? Or let your doctor bleed you to ‘balance your humors’? You would, I hope, want some evidence that these therapies would work. Is your standard for acupuncture different? If so, why?
As I said above, medicine isn’t nearly science-based enough…but we should insist on more science in our medicine, not less. And bogus claims like the one in this article don’t help.
Corey
Can science measure Love? And if not, would you deny it’s existence or importance?
linda
“Acupuncture has been a mainstay of medical treatment in certain parts of the world for 4,000 years, but because it has not been understood completely, many people have remained skeptical,” says Nedergaard, codirector of the University’s Center for Translational Neuromedicine, where the research was conducted.
“In this work, we provide information about one physical mechanism through which acupuncture reduces pain in the body,”
I don’t see how this article ‘promotes pseudo-scientific beliefs’. The fact that acupucture has been in use for so long is a fact. The research attempted find out why. Not all of the questions concerning acupunture were answered. Nor did the authors claim it to be so. They only found ONE mechanism through which acupuncture REDUCES pain in the body, This does not to me seem all inclusive or completely conclusive. I’ve known some who have found relief from years of pain through acupuncture. This does not prove that it will do so in every case.
Although you acknowledge that science could be wrong about acupuncture, you then minimize the possibility by mentioning ‘ magic water, homeopathy, faith healing, blood letting, magnetic bracelets’
A large portion of the population do take medications because the drug companies have in effect said it ‘works great for what ails ya! Television commercials and magazine ads that promote drugs are not directed at medical professionals but toward the general population.
I agree that we should insist on more science in our medicine, not less. However, totally discounting a valid study because someone disagrees is in itself unscientific.
Bill Gates
true science / fake science
real science / hoax science.
Acupuncture is to be Tested, Experimented…. There is little Evidence at this point if acupuncture is Real / Fake…
this paper does Not prove it finally..
EXPERIMENT / PUBLICATION of results… We need more experiment on Acupuncture before we know if it is true / false real / fake.
I am not too experienced but a friend of ours showed me the how to with his Husbands feet. He is a diabetic, and has kidney issues and CHFetc. I have a copy of the left foot and I just rub the way our friend showed me on the areas that have pain until it is gone. I feel it has helped with his blood sugar numbers.
Good blogging going on here. I have bookmarked your site and will be back next time.
The most important observation is that acupuncture worked almost three times as long if we gave a drug that slow down the removal of adenosine
























I’m very disappointed in the way this article promotes pseudo-scientific beliefs. Despite what the authors of the research would like to promote, their research does not prove or support acupuncture at all. See Science Based Medicine’s coverage of the same research: http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/?p=5437